The work covers mechanisms of development, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment of benign esophageal stenosis in children. Special attention is paid to the need for a comprehensive examination of all children with signs of dysphagia with suspicion of esophageal stricture with mandatory use of X-ray and endoscopic diagnostic methods. Correct evaluation of the degree and extent of stenosis allows choosing the method of non-operative expansion of stricture and solving the problem of the expediency of using surgical intervention. The latest data about the high-tech, minimally invasive intraluminal methods allowing to restore the lumen of the esophagus by balloon dilatation are presented.